Media and Violence Essay - 768 Words

In the globalization era, the first power among in this world is media. It is very important to recognize that media violence has been caused several problems in everyday life, especially, television, because we cannot only hear the sound but we can see the visual as well. If we think carefully about media violence, it has roots in the unease that has historically been expressed whenever a new entertainment or communications medium appears on the scene that appeals to the masses. We can seen, as John Fiske writes on his book, Understanding Popular Cultural in 1989: â€Å"Represented violence is popular (in a way that social violence is not) because it offers points of relevance to people living in societies where the power and†¦show more content†¦However, as Gerbner demonstrates on the power of media violence, â€Å"It shows one’s place in the ‘pecking order’ that runs society†. In addition, violence could be defined as exertion or the threat of physical force that may affect to body harm. Thus, the reports of violence on acts are not in proportion with the ratio of other news. The limitation of public is largely its view of effects of exposure to media violence as aggressive behavior. It could be due to the fact that the public rarely considers that there may be effects that are physiological, emotional, attitudinal, and cognitive. Moreover, the public continuingly complains that there is too much violence that involves in the media, especially on television. As Karen Boyle (1999) drawing on the work o f Suzanne Kappeler, writes: â€Å"Violence-on and off screen-is an interactional behavior not an isolated act. On-screen, as in life, violent behaviors are not confined to physical blows, but include verbal abuse, harassment, intimidation, threats, imprisonment and other behaviors by which the abuse r enforces-or reinforces-their power and control of others†. In the contemporary content, violence and the threat of violence always combine with the reproduction of power relationships and construction of meaning in the production in all domains of social life. As John and friends (1997) has been illustrated on the way in which peopleShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence And The Media Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesExposure to the media violence may be especially problematic in late adolescence. Television and other media play a major role in adolescent socialization and identity development by providing perspectives, values, ideologies, and behavior models (Arnett G., Roberts D. et al.). The socializing role of television in particular may be ampliï ¬ ed by the large amount of time young people spend with this medium. Speciï ¬ cally, 18- to 24-year-olds spend more time watching television and movies than youngerRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1892 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and br oad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, b ut to whomRead MoreMedia Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pagesat looking at the potentially harmful effects of the consumption of violent media and the impact it has on psychological factors. Two psychological factors that have been researched are empathy and aggression and how violent media influences these two emotions. Theories that have tried explaining the pathway from the viewing of violence in media and the impact on aggression have generally focused on the role of violent media being used by consumers as observational learning and promoting the developmentRead MoreMedia Violence and Violence in Society1059 Words   |  4 Pagesprogramming contains some violence, there should be more and more violent crime after television is available† (Freedman). Many suggest the violence in media is causing violence in society but then how is it that violent crimes are actually decreasing in the United States. The violence that is occurring is actually due from the mentally ill, poor parenting, and the location of where one lives in society. Violence has actually decreased over the decades even though media has more violence than ever beforeRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence In The Media1212 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction With the recent increase in media presence throughout the world, there has also been an increase in violence portrayed through the media. Media violence is believed to be causing aggression in today’s youth and society. This paper will examine the potential reasons on how media violence is causing aggression Review of Literature In a study conducted, media psychologists, mass communication scientists, pediatricians, and parents all completed an anonymous online survey that asked whetherRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, and manyRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreMedia Violence Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Violence Media violence is one of the most debated public issues society faces today. Television screens are loaded with the glamorization of weapon carrying. Violence constitute as amusing and trivialized. Needless portrayals of interpersonal violence spread across the television screens like wild fire. Televisions spew the disturbing events such as children being assaulted, husbands inflicting domestic abuse on their wives and children succumbing to abuse by their parents. Scenes of betrayalRead MoreViolence in the Media Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in the Media In today’s world, there is an endless amount of information available to people everywhere around the globe. Mass media is definitely shaping our world, whether it is in a positive way or a negative way. Television and the radio waves provide us with hours of entertainment. The emergence of the Internet allows us to access thousands of pages of information within the reach our very own fingertips. But with the convenience of all this information comes along a certain level

Experimental Psychology - 1572 Words

Research Paper Requirement For this research requirement I chose three different experiments to examine thoroughly. The first of these experiments came from the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. The study done in this journal was an examination of orthographic learning and self-teaching in a bilingual and biliterate context. The aim of the study was to figure out the advantages and/or disadvantages of a student learning a native language when they are either monolingual, bilingual, or biliterate, and the study was focused on learning English because this is the most commonly learned non-native language in the world. The method for this experiment consisted of taking a sample of 88 sixth-grade children that came from†¦show more content†¦The participants were then randomly assigned REM percentages of either 16.2% (below average) or 28.7% (above average). After hearing these results the experimenter explained that there is not much a relationship between perceived sleep and actual sleep quality. After hearing these results, the participants were then asked to complete the PASAT (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), which tests auditory attention and speed of processing (two skills that are most affected by lack of sleep). The test consists listening to a tape that says a series of numbers every 1.6 seconds; participants add the first two numbers and give a verbal answer. When the next number is heard they add it to the previous number instead of the number they just said out loud. The results strongly suggested that placebo sleep strongly affects a person’s cognitive ability. To those that were told they got below average sleep (16.2% in REM) they received an average score of 22.13 out of 50 questions. Those who were told they received above average sleep quality (28.7% in REM) received a score of 34.81 out of 50. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a person’s mindset can have either a positive or negative influence on their daily cognitive abilities. A second experiment was conducted to account for demand cues that could have affected the results in the first experiment. It was conducted in the same fashion as experiment one except forShow MoreRelatedExperimental Psychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesExperimental Psychology Experimental psychology is a sub-discipline in psychology that focuses on understanding the human behavior resulted from life experience through research and experimental studies (â€Å"Career in Psychology,† n.d.). Therefore, experimental psychologists approve or disapprove psychological beliefs through research. Experimental psychologists hypothesize the issues related to psychological subjects, and then conduct studies to find out the truth about their hypotheses (â€Å"Career inRead MoreScope of Experimental Psychology2276 Words   |  10 Pagesto a field. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Experimental psychology is the most important branch of psychology. The credit for establishing psychology on a scientific basis goes to experimental method. This method is now being used more and more in psychological studies. SCOPE OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: The scope of Experimental Psychology is widening with the invention of new tools and instruments for experiments. Therefore, it is in the fitness of things that experimental psychology constitutes compulsoryRead MoreExperimental Research : A Long Tradition Of Psychology And Education1136 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Experimental research has had a long tradition in psychology and education. The usage of experimental approaches over the past 40 years had been influenced by developments in research practices. The experimental method formally surfaced in educational psychology around the turn of the century, with the classic studies by Thorndike and Woodworth on transfer (Cronbach, 1957). Experimental research is commonly used in sciences such as psychology, medicine, sociology, biology, and so onRead MoreThe General Experimental Psychology Master Essay781 Words   |  4 Pageshard-working student, I am looking for a graduate school that will challenge my abilities and help me to grow even further. The General Experimental Psychology Master’s Program at the University of Colorado-Colorado Springs (UCCS) seems like it would do just that. My ambition and self-motivation had led me to graduate in three years with a double major in Psychology (B.S.) and Sociology (B.A.) with a minor in statistics. At Olivet I have received solid academic training and hands on experience. TheRead MoreThe New Psychology: Early Physiological and Experimental Psychology and Structuralism1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Psychology: Early Physiological and Experimental Psychology And Structuralism Psy5102-8 Dr. Kornfeld By: Janelle Jumpp Table of Contents 1. What do you consider to be the proper subject matter of psychology? 2. What methods should psychology use to approach the subjects it studies? 3. What do you expect will be your most lasting contribution to the field of psychology? 4. What do you consider to be an appropriate role for the field of psychologyRead MoreThe Father Of Experimental Psychology Wilhelm Wundt ( 1832-1920 ) And The Founder Of Behaviourism John1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe father of experimental psychology Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) and the founder of behaviourism John. B Watson both have opposing and corresponding views on psychology. In this essay I will compare and contrast both concepts which will include experimental psychology, introspection, operant and classical conditioning, immediate conscious, objective measurement and lab experiments. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) was a German psychologist who wanted to study and examine human immediate conscious experienceRead MoreThe Field Of Psychology Are Correlational, Descriptive, And Experimental Research1759 Words   |  8 Pages1) Three main types of research in the field of psychology are correlational, descriptive, and experimental research. Correlational research focuses on seeing whether or not certain variables are connected or if there is a relationship between them, descriptive research focuses on describing specific behavior as it occurs in the environment (can be through case studies, observation, or surveys), and experimental research is when the researcher manipulates a certain variable and either control orRead MoreExperimental Psychology Proposal1958 Words   |  8 PagesSignificance ÃŽ ±= .05 df= n1 + n2 -2 = 15 + 15 - 2 = 28 t .05= 2.05 * Decision rule: If the t-computed value is greater than or beyond the critical value, Reject null hypothesis. * Solution: Classical Music(Experimental) | Rock Music(Control) | x1 | x12 | x2 | x22 | 18 | 324 | 17 | 289 | 25 | 625 | 12 | 144 | 15 | 225 | 14 | 196 | 20 | 400 | 19 | 361 | 19 | 361 | 23 | 529 | 14 | 196 | 16 | 256 | 30 | 900 | 16 | 256 | 34 | 1156 | 8 | 64 | 27Read MoreThe Journal Of Experimental Social Psychology874 Words   |  4 Pagesexample, is known to be a useful tool in negotiations. Indeed, in the past few years, researchers have been learning more about when and how to deploy anger productively. Consider a forthcoming paper in the November issue of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Researchers tested the effectiveness of expressing anger in three types of negotiations: those that are chiefly cooperative (say, starting a business with a partner), chiefly competitive (dissolving a shared business) or balanced betweenRead MoreExperimental Psychology Stroop Effect2268 Words   |  10 Pages we predict an interaction between congruency and task; we expect that the Stroop effect will be larger for typing colors than for typing words. Method Participants Twenty-one undergraduate, male and female students were recruited from an experimental lab class at the City University of New York Brooklyn College. Materials and Design In this within subjects design, we used a 2 (Congruency: Congruent vs. Incongruent) x 2 (Task Type: Naming color vs. Naming word) factorial; the dependent

Propose a New Positioning Strategy for Acl Product Free Essays

New market positioning for a new product Introduction ACL Clean has been a successful product in the Hampshire and the company expanded into the Essex region Market. However sales were low and public awareness was lacking. The company was using the majority of its funds on the products line extension and little on advertisement and product placement. We will write a custom essay sample on Propose a New Positioning Strategy for Acl Product or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the key factor in the poor sales in Essex because the public isn’t aware of ACL Clean and its benefits. In order to make ACL Clean a more successful and well known product, funds used for the product line extension need to be diverted to advertising in order implement a new positioning strategy in the Essex market. The best way to implement a new positioning strategy would be through the marketing of ACL Clean to first time buyers of cleaning equipment. In order to do this ACL Clean will need to promote sales, advertise, and become established in the public. Background In January 1990, ABC cleaning Ltd commissioned the cleaning equipment division. The cleaning equipment division expanded more by introducing new products. In the Hampshire area, effective promotion has helped ACL clean become a success. Market awareness is upwards of 80% and brand loyalty is high despite the high price. Advertising is used in the Hampshire for promotion. Ads target general cleaning equipment owners because the market is segmented more according to benefits sought rather than any demographic such as age, gender, or income. The major media is television using commercials with a humorous approach stressing quality and safety. ACL clean then decided to work on developing the product line, as well as branch into the Essex market. These line extension products were also offered in Essex as well as Hampshire, and there was no competition for ACL clean because other companies didn’t enter into this new â€Å"unknown† category of cleaning equipment. Over 5 years in the Essex market and sales are still low. The product is available in most key outlets like Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury, and also in smaller chains. There is little sales promotions, since the website for ACL clean is where the sales promotions are. But there is no awareness of the site. The same pricing strategy is used in Essex as in the Hampshire, but ACL clean has not worked on justifying the cost in consumer’s minds. Furthermore the product line extensions took the majority of the budget leaving no funds for advertising. Without advertising there is no brand loyalty in Essex like in Hampshire. Too much has been put into the product line extension and not enough into the positioning strategy. As a result there is weak positioning and low awareness of this product. Statement of Problems The main concern is that ACL clean has an ineffective positioning strategy in that one was never established for the Essex market. The product was introduced and the line extensions were added, however no effective marketing was done to target the market they were introducing the product into. The lack of establishing a new positioning strategy in Essex has lead to low product awareness, no brand loyalty and low sales. Also, no advertising has resulted in little product position in the consumers mind. Essex consumers are unaware of the product and its benefits because there have been no commercials or ads or promotion of any kind. Strategies Alternative 1 The current positioning strategy has no strengths and many weaknesses as demonstrated in the lack of sales. Therefore a new positioning strategy must be developed. A target market should be defined so that advertising, marketing and public relations can be more focused and effective. ACL clean is a great product with high quality and safety, and with increasing health awareness and infection control campaigns by health authorities people, are more inclined to clean their homes more often. So by targeting the first-time buyers in the market, ACL clean could be effectively promoted as a great product to help households enhance a healthy environment. This demographic is likely around the age of 25-35. Mainly people out of school, beginning a career or becoming more established, and are able to make a major purchase like a cleaning equipment and want one that will last them for as long as possible. Promoting ACL clean as the product that will achieve this will increase product awareness, create brand loyalty, and ultimately increase sales. However, as many first-time buyers have been using other cleaning equipment or have used other products related to car care, introducing ACL clean as a premium product will be a daunting task ecause there is already an established brand loyalty to other products, even though they are not as good as ACL clean. With establishment of the original ACL clean product in the market the opportunities of the line extensions are limitless. A great way to promote ACL clean in the Essex market would be through public relations. A great strategy would be to sponsor an event such as a cleaning equipment show in Essex region. Alternative 2 Another effective means of marketing ACL clean to the Essex Region as a great product with quality safety benefits would be through alliance with healthcare companies and local authorities. Alternative 3 Advertising is the most obvious and effective choice to place ACL clean in the consumers mind, just as it has in the Hampshire. Through TV commercials, magazine ads, and banners on web pages, the name and product information relation to ACL clean would be widely visible. Since TV is a major media source, having commercials that target the demographic of first-time buyers, would make the greatest impact for ACL clean. TV spots during primetime TV on major Essex stations would be seen by millions of viewers. Creating commercials that are exciting and fresh of the special features of ACL clean will catch viewer’s interest. How to cite Propose a New Positioning Strategy for Acl Product, Papers

Personal Development Plan

Question: Discuss about the Personal Development Plan. Answer: Objectives of having good Writing skills Academic writing skill contrasts from different sorts of other kind writing. The objectives of having better writing skills are, to gain the skill of exploratory writing. In many types of scholastic written work a segregated and goal approach is required. A scholastic contention claims to rationale and gives prove in support of a scholarly position. It is essential to exhibit your contentions in coherent request and to touch base at conclusions. In any case, scholastic composing can take many structures. In case of written skill, the writer dependably cooperate with others writings thus there will be visit references to the thoughts, thinking or research of different writers writing in this field. Objectives of Leadership skills The significance of viable leadership in any industry or organization has been stressed in the different scenarios to solve the conflicts in business. Therefore in order to cop up with the globalization and innovation have been quickening business changes and making difficulties, the students need to get an arrangement of skills that will empower them to actualize their vision and lead successfully. Instructions to create viable pioneers with the abilities expected to satisfactorily manage authoritative difficulties has been a test for all associations and industry. To be able to justify the assumptions made for developed business strategies. Objectives of learning fashion marketing skill The Objectives of learning fashion marketing skill are, To be able to identify different business strategies for selecting and buying product. Identifying and exploring the buying behavior and process of the clients. Determining the way to successfully design the merchandise displays to attract the target audience and customers to the product (Langan 2013). To be capable of assessment and execution of the brand presentations and creating strategies for specific markets. Developing and interpreting the business goals for the organization working in. Identifying the managerial capabilities and responsibilities with the daily operational tasks. Time management To be able to develop the different action plans that can be applied to achieve the goals. To be able to set and determine goals for a certain period of time. Utilization of different time management techniques to smartly avoid those common pitfalls in those common time management techniques (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland 2013). With the better management of time it will be possible to achieve the predetermined goals. Increased effectiveness at the work place and in personal life. To able to assign priorities to different tasks and completing them accordingly to chiiiev the business strategic goals. Objectives of Writer thinking With the writer thinking, it will help me to use evidences to write and judge any situation using those evidences. Will help in determining the similarities and differences between the situations so that the lessons learnt from different other situations can be applied to solve the present problem. Able to evaluate the effect of different parameters on the business strategies made for the products in the fashion industry. To be able to analyze, develop and evaluate the strategies for certain markets. Able to identify the issues and inconsistencies in the existing business strategies. References Ali, J.A.M., 2016.Investigating the Role of Vocabulary in Developing Writing Skills among the Students EFL(Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology). Langan, J., 2013.College writing skills with readings. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Nadinloyi, K.B., Hajloo, N., Garamaleki, N.S. and Sadeghi, H., 2013. The study efficacy of time management training on increase academic time management of students.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,84, pp.134-138. Schoemaker, P.J., Krupp, S. and Howland, S., 2013. Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), pp.131-134. Personal Development Plan Question: Write a Reflective essay on the Personal Development Plan. Answer: Introduction Management accounting is an important module that helps an individual to understand the difference between the financial and management accounting (Horngren and Horngren 2012). Therefore, Management accounting has helped me in the process of making a decision regarding any commercial activities that take place in my current workplace. It helps the managers by providing information. As I am an employee in an organization, the management accounting also provides me with various data and information that contribute to understanding the resources of the organization and also to use them effectively and efficiently for the betterment of the firm. Finally, it can also be said that the management accounting helps in increasing the revenue and size of an organization (Seal, Garrison and Noreen 2012). In this assignment the method by which I learn the module of management accounting, my prior perception about the subject, my present awareness, the familiarity of the primary concepts and theme s of the module and my area of interest have been analyzed in detail. In addition to this, the processes by which I implement the managerial and financial accounting concepts in my present workplace for doing my work in an easy way have also been discussed. Personal Development Plan Analysis Prior and Current Knowledge Previously I did not have a clear conception about the management accounting and financial accounting, but now I have a clear understanding of both the topics and I also know the key difference between the two. The Financial Accounting deals with the past and present information, whereas the management accounting deals with the future situation of an organization and supplies financial reporting which help a firm in planning and making proper decisions (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver 2012). The importance and the implementation of the management accounting were previously unknown to me, but now these are familiar to me. So I can implement it and can understand the financial situation of a firm to suggest any decision for the betterment of the organization. The topics like break-even analysis, margin analysis, constraint analysis, inventory evaluation, target costing and ratio and trend analysis of managerial accounting are the most interesting area to me. On the other hand, the topic s like balance sheet preparation, other financial statement preparations, taxation, acquiring knowledge about the financial accounting standards board, financial audits and preparation of financial reports of financial accounting are the most interested topics to me. Experience of Modules Key Concepts and Themes The modules key concepts and themes include learning about the process or method by which the managerial accounting information can help a firm to use its resources effectively and efficiently and the process of making important decisions for the company (Epstein and Lee 2012). This module also helped me in gaining knowledge about the role of the managerial accounting in increasing the size and the revenue of the firm. I also learned that the proper implementation of managerial accounting within an organization helps it to earn a higher amount of profit as the income of the company increases. Personal development plan (PDP) involves managing the human resource capital of a particular company. Along with managing the financial aspects of a company, management must look after the satisfaction level of their employee because if employees leave an organization, then human capital is also said to be moving. I have applied the studied concepts and theories of the coursework in my workplac e, and this has helped me to fulfill my job responsibilities within the workplace quickly. Moreover, the studied concepts of the managerial and financial accounting will also help me in my personal investment and also in my future business as I can distinguish well between the managerial and financial accounting information and I can also understand the basic concepts of these accountings. Area of Interest My area of interest in this module of management accounting is the process of implementing the concepts of managerial accounting to increase the revenue of the firm. This process has created a curiosity within me, and thus I collect and use the data of various organizations to analyze its financial condition. Also, I check on the efficiency and productivity of the employees, and if any problem is faced by the employees, then proper training and incentives for good performance are given to them then to cope up with the changing needs of the corporate culture. Previous Personal Biases and Assumptions about Key Module Topics Previously I did not know the various importance and implementations of the managerial accounting within a firm. But now I have learned from this module the process of implementing the managerial accounting within an organization. I have also learned the process of making the decision regarding the financial condition of a firm based on the financial analysis. Previously I did not focus on the motivational factors of which may be either internal or external. However, now I understand that for implementing the organizational objectives successfully, employees' motivation is a major factor. Internal motivation comes from the inside biases of an individual which cannot be influenced by external sources whereas the positive effect on external motivation can be implemented by proper remuneration, benefits, and incentives to employees. Change in Conception about Key Module Topics Earlier I did not have any clear or distinct idea and conception about the subject. However, this module has provided me with a clear conception and understanding on managerial accounting. More research and study on the particular module and topic have helped me to change my previous conception and has also raised interest within me about the subject. Previously good remuneration and incentives used to motive the employees but with the changing needs job security, behavior and frequent policy changes of the management also affects the accretion rate of the employees. As the change in the conception took place after studying the coursework, I applied the studied theories and concepts in my workplace. The systematic method of calculation and application of the concepts have made my job role easier. Current Practices Related to Key Module Topics The current key module includes various topics, and I have founded that most of the topics are useful for me as I implement them in my workplace for making the job easier. Firstly, the knowledge of comparing between the financial accounting data and the management accounting information systems helps me to differentiate the type of information that I gathered within my workplace (Drury 2012). Secondly, the knowledge of critical evaluation of the importance of cost structures, differences between various types of cost structures, various types of costing systems and cost structures help me in managing the resources of the particular workplace. Thirdly, the features of variable and fixed costs also help me in my workplace. Fourthly, the break-even point and operating gearing calculations also guide me in my job role, and critical evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of the CVP analysis and break-even analysis also help me personally in doing my job. Fifthly, an in-depth knowledge of the intellectual capital is an essential factor for doing my job successfully. Personal Development Strategies I have planned to start my own business after few years when I can implement all my theoretical knowledge of this coursework. This business will help me to learn and distinguish between the theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge (Brewer, Garrison and Noreen 2013). Thus, the knowledge that I gained from the coursework and the experience that I am recently gaining by doing the job will help me in future in all respect i.e. in calculating and understanding both the financial and managerial accounting. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the particular module of management accounting plays a vital role in my personal life. This knowledge helps me in doing my current job and also guides me in personal finances. This module helped me to have a clear idea and perception regarding the subject. Previously I had many wrong perceptions regarding the implementation and usage of the managerial accounting. But this course has helped me to develop my perceptions and understanding regarding this subject and thus it helps me in fulfilling my responsibilities in my workplace. In addition to this, the particular module of managerial accounting has changed my conception about the practical application of the theories and concepts of financial and managerial accounting. References Brewer, P., Garrison, R. and Noreen, E. 2013.Introduction to managerial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Drury, C. 2012.Management and cost accounting. Andover: Cengage Learning. Epstein, M. and Lee, J. 2012.Advances in management accounting. Bingley: Emerald. Horngren, C. and Horngren, C. 2012.Management accounting. Toronto: Pearson Canada. Horngren, C., Harrison, W. and Oliver, M. 2012.Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Seal, W., Garrison, R. and Noreen, E. 2012.Management accounting. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Soyinka uses a variety of different forms of satire to exaggerate and mock the morals, which the rulers of Nigeria had in the early 1990s Essay Example For Students

Soyinka uses a variety of different forms of satire to exaggerate and mock the morals, which the rulers of Nigeria had in the early 1990s Essay Soyinka uses a variety of different forms of satire to exaggerate and mock the morals, which the rulers of Nigeria had in the early 1990s. This use of satire is consistent throughout the play, and is shown in different ways. Unnecessary violence, manipulation and self à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" interest are involved in the play; these morals are related to greed, power and ceasing opportunities. These morals are portrayed though the use of satirical techniques such as irony, exaggeration and unreasonable logic. The characters in the play also resemble the characters in the Shakespeares play, Macbeth. Unnecessary violence is used throughout the play, this violence mainly occurs amongst the rulers. Violence in this play can be questioned by morals because the violence is not justified. Much of the violence that occurs in the play is conducted to gain power. But power can be acquired in other forms instead of violence, but instead the leaders decide to use force. This violence occurs primarily because of the military rule they were under previous to Basha. We see that Basha has taken part in the killing of many leaders in the past, and this killing does not stop once he has becomes the king of Guatu. We will write a custom essay on Soyinka uses a variety of different forms of satire to exaggerate and mock the morals, which the rulers of Nigeria had in the early 1990s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The theme of violence and unnecessary killing is shown through a number of satiric methods, exaggeration, unreasonable logic and the shift in perspectives of different people. Exaggeration is used in the play to point out the fact that the rulers will go to any extent to gain power. Basha says when he sees me eliminate them one after another and with ghastly tortures of first pulling out fingernails and sending him fingers and toes on birthdays of his children. He says this to Maariya after she has questioned him about Potipoos trust in him. This violence is not required and just exaggerates the brutality that goes through Bashas mind. Another scene that we see unnecessary is when Basha is trying to get bank representatives to give Basha an open cheque; the representative says that he does not have the authority to sign an open cheque. Basha says, I see. Shove this fool into open pit. Although Basha may not understand the position of the representatives, he still does not take the time to listen to their explanation, and instead answers will pure violence. This exaggerates the corruption and ignorance of the leaders during the early 1900s in Nigeria. Soyinka uses the satiric device of unreasonable logic through Basha in the play; this is to exaggerate the amount of fear and stupidity that the leaders of Nigeria had at the time. Basha says, I tell him you send me the note to get me to cause rebellion and unrest and I strangle you myself. I carry your dead body to cabinet meeting in my strong arms with tears dripping down my face and drenching my ribbons and medals and I say to Potipoo, look, I love my wife but I love my commander in chief moreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The supreme council break into standing ovation Previous to this, Maariya forged a letter to the Commander in Chief Potipoo. Basha uses unreasonable logic here to solve his current situation. Basha could have gone through with this plan if Maariya didnt explain to him what she was doing. This thought of violence is inappropriate for a leader, which shows the terrible quality of leadership that Guatu was under. Here, Basha is willing to sacrifice the life of his wife just so he wont be demoted. Manipulation is used in the play to show how easy it is for someone to take over the country. .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 , .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .postImageUrl , .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 , .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578:hover , .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578:visited , .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578:active { border:0!important; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578:active , .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578 .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf94600baae9c070f0d9fe2777a7de578:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dimmesdale In Nathaniel Hawthorne"s The Scarlet Letter EssayIn king Baabu, the people around him, mainly Maariya, are constantly dominating Basha. Manipulation is a factor that has to be considered when discussing morals; Maariya has a good opportunity to control the country through Basha. She does not care if Basha is hurt or harmed in the process, she simply wants control. Basha is being controlled and is used as a shield between Maariya and the citizens, which can be considered morally wrong. Exaggeration and irony have been used to show the manipulation through out the play. This use of manipulation can also be seen in Shakespeare play of Macbeth, as Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth. She drives him towards the throne, sometimes against his own will. Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth to kill Duncan who was the king of Scotland; Macbeth as a result then becomes the king of Scotland. We can almost see a replica of this event in King Baabu when Maariya convinces Basha to drive Potipoo out of power. In both these plays we see a dominant female who gets into power through their spouse. If their plan fails then she would not be blamed for it, instead their spouse would. Maariya uses Basha as a shield to get into power, without taking the risk of paying the penalty. Exaggeration is used to show the ignorance of Basha in the play, it also shows the greed for power that people around Basha have. In Act 1 Scene 5, Basha is talking to the crowd and Tikim is telling Basha what to say because the crowd perceives Basha as another military ruler. Tikim says tell them Basha Bash is dead this is so that the crowd can understand that Basha will run the country as a democracy rather than a military rule. Basha says, What you say? I standing here before you and you tell me Basha Bash is dead? This irritates Tikim as Basha is so ignorant and cannot see that he is figuratively speaking. This shows the audience the type of leaders that Nigeria had at the time. Irony is commonly used in the play to show how Basha is being manipulated, and how he has no idea about what is happening around him. I agree to share the allocation for fertilizers with Potipoo. Fifty à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" fifty we make deal. If this works, I can take back my fifty and keep the entire hundred. Basha says this to Maariya after she has fully explained the plan, which is to eliminate Potipoo. This is ironic because if the plan does work then it will be Maariya that will be taking the entire hundred as she is in control. In this situation Maariya has created a plan to drive Potipoo out of leadership, but if the plan fails then Maariya will not be taking the blame, it will be Basha that will be taking the blame. She uses Basha as a shield, and as he is stupid enough to follow the lead of Maariya, she will have no problems. Another occurrence where we see Maariya take control is when Basha is just about to talk to the citizens of Guatu. Maariya is dressed in full traditional attire and Basha is dressed in military gear. She says TK Tikim will you shut him up and get him to aspire to some dignity. This is ironic as Basha is the person that is supposes to be in charge, but Maariya is the one that is dressed more appropriate; this is to send a good image of herself to the citizens of Guatu. Form these scenes we can come to understand the mentality of the people who were supporting the leader, they all want to get into power by any means necessary. And because Basha doesnt understand what is going on, it leaves him very vulnerable to manipulation. .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 , .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .postImageUrl , .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 , .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576:hover , .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576:visited , .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576:active { border:0!important; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576:active , .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576 .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1807262063b29e051b4e50f158809576:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Elizabeth Proctor EssayBasha is very materialistic, and this is obvious in the play. He says, What this dry chest know about war chest? he is referring to Maaryias breasts, and explaining to Tikim and Maaryia that she is no longer attractive. And that he wants to have many wives like King David and King Solomon. This conversation is also ironic, as Maaryia probably understands more about the war chest than Basha. She understands the value that the war chest contains and knows how to use it to the countries advantage instead of using it for personal pleasure. The plays show the level of selfishness that the leaders had, and it is exaggerated in King Baabu. In many occasions Basha talks about how he is hungry after a significant event has occurred. Basha says time not to stop this nuisance of rumbling stomach. This is after he has thrown two bank representatives into the pit. The fact that Basha says this after the event shows us what he has been thinking during his conversations with these bank representatives. By doing this Soyinka makes the audience understand the priorities of the leaders at the time, in a humorous way. Another instance where we see the selfishness of Basha is when he takes the rhinoceros horn and grinds it into powder. The rhinoceros horn could have been sold as ivory, but instead he grinds it up, and uses it as Viagra. Maaryia says we need the foreign exchange but you keep grinding them to powder to give yourself cheap erection. Here he priorities his own pleasure over the countries financial problems. Maariya says you dont become great by mixing sex with power, and in the end this rhinoceros powder kills him as it is poisoned. This just proves Maariyas statement to be true. These satiric techniques are what highlight the morals of the play, it sends out the morals to the audience in a comical way. The use of satire gives the audience a clear understanding of what was happening in Nigeria in the early 1990s. Presenting the scenes in a comical way will allow the audience to truly understand what was happening from a primary source, Soyinka. Morals in this play are an important part, as the play has to convey the message of what was happening, such as the unnecessary violence, death, corruption and greed.

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Women During the Great Depression essays The 1920s was a time of optimism and energy, with a booming American economy that showed no signs of slowing, and no one realized that it was a bubble about to burst. The stock market crash came on "Black Tuesday," October 29, 1929, when panicking investors sold an unprecedented 16.4 million shares of stock. The collapse touched every part of the economy. Factories closed. Businesses failed. Five thousand banks collapsed, wiping out the life savings of 9 million families. Many lost their homes. One in every three workers was either unemployed or on short hours and reduced wages. "While crops rotted in the fields...people starved in the cities. People wore threadbare clothing, while bales of cotton stood unsold. Thousands of shoe workers were laid off, while people walked the streets in cardboard shoes." Elected president in 1932, Franklin Delano Roosevelt restored some hope and confidence in people. But despite his efforts to revive the economy through the New Deal, the Great Depress ion continued year after year. Only the mobilization of resources because of World War II pulled the United States out of its slump, and the economy finally regained its 1929 levels in 1941. But the Great Depression would never be forgotten by those who witnessed it, those who lived through such hard times. With reduced wages and irregular employment, many families could no longer earn enough money having only their husbands working. Increasingly, women had to work outside their homes to help support their families. In 1930 about a quarter of the female population was in the labor force and the number of married women working increased by 52 percent in the 1930s. In general, women workers were paid low wages and had to work very long hours. The public was very hostile to female workers, especially married ones. Many rejected the idea of women working because they believed that women took away jobs from men and that a woman's place w ...

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Competitive Forces And Value Chain Models Information Technology Essay In order for a company to survive in its area of business it must be superior compared to its competitors and therefore strive for competitive advantage. According to Bocij et al (2006 pg 57) competitive advantage is when a organisation or business strives to be the market leader in the area they offer their business or service. Competitive advantage can be achieved by a organisation in a variety of ways such as implementing some of the following techniques; restructuring the business, processes to reduce overheads, offer extra services to existing customers as well as looking for new customers and always looking at the changes in the internal and external environment and respond to changes that may affect the businesses profitability. By implementing some of these techniques this will allow the organisation to increase its profitability and increase its market share. 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The customer holds the key power of determining how successful a organisation is as customers can easily switch to another brand if the current organisation does not match or beat the price of the product or service they are receiving. Suppliers the supplier has a big impact on how the end product is marketed as the organisation is able to offer its product to the end customer at a competitive price compared to its rivals. So if a organisation has more than one supplier the organisation can have more control over the pricing of the product, replenishment and availability. Above: shows Porters Five forces that affect the stability of a organisation and what are responsible for any actions that may be taken to keep the organisation at a competitive advantage and keep it in profitability. The five forces are Traditional rivals , Customers , Suppliers , New market entrants and Substitute products. (Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing The Digital Firm, Laudon and Laudon 2005 pg 103) Value Chain Model Laudon and Laudon (1995 pg 53) the Value Chain Model was developed by Michael Porter in 1985. The Value Chain Model highlights specific activities within the business where competitive strategies can be applied and where information systems are likely to have a strategic impact. The Value Chain Model identifies precise, critical leverage points where a organisation can use information technology most effectively to increase its competitive advantage within its market share. The increase in the market share will allow the organisation to become more profitable, reduce operating costs and improve communication within the organisation internally and externally. The Value Chain Models looks at a organisation as basic set of chain activities that add a margin of value to a firms products or services. These activities are categorised in to two activities. These activities are known as Primary and support activities. Primary activities Laudon and Laudon (1995 pg 54) says the primary activities of a organisation are related to the production and distribution of the final product or service that a organisation provides. Primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service. Inbound logistics includes the receiving and storing of materials ready to distribute to the appropriate department for the end product to be mage. Operations create to the materials in to the final product. Once the product has been created outbound logistics distributes the made products to the correct sorting point. Once the product has been sorted and stored sales and marketing promote the organisations products and sell them when they receive orders for them. The service activity makes sure that the organisations products are repaired (when needed) and are maintained to make sure any future problems (if any) cause the minimal amount of disruption. Support activities Laudon and Laudon (1995 pg 54) to make sure that the Primary actives are delivered to the highest standard support activities are in place to make sure the infrastructure is functioning. Support activities include administration and management, human resources, technology and procurement. Administration and management is in charge of how the organisation functions on a day to day basis and is in charge of how the organisation is structured. Human resources take care of the welfare and benefits of the employees within the organisation in terms hiring, training and retaining its employees. Technology allows the organisation to improve the production of goods and procurement supports by purchasing inputs. Above: shows Porters Value Chain showing the primary and secondary activities of a organisation and which department adds value to the organisation.(Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing The Digital Firm, Laudon and Laudon 2005 pg 96) Porters Five forces: Panasonic analysis Traditional competitors Since Panasonic was founded in 1918 it has steadily become the largest Japanese electronics maker. Panasonic owner Konosuke Matsushita first started the company selling lamps for bicycles and then diverse to sell other electronic products. Later in 1961 after being rebranded under different names the Panasonic brand was formed in 1961 when it started the produce televisions (TVs ) for the American market. From than it has become one of the most competitive and leading companies for research and development in the electronic sector. As the competiveness in the electronic sector is so reliant on technology it is important for a organizations to innovate new ideas in to products. Panasonic is based in North America, Asia and Europe. As mentioned before Panasonic has found success on the TV industry. The global sales figures for Plasma TV s show that Panasonic ( 40.7%) is the leading supplier in terms of shipping volume around the world closely followed by Samsun g on (33.7%), LG on (23.3 %) and other brands accommodated for the (2%). (HDV TEST ,2011) New market entrants There is no threat of any other brand entering the market and become dominant. This is due to the barrier entry system of some one entering the market with a product or service. These two barriers are known as high barrier and low barrier entry products / services. High barrier service / products is for high end products or services for example if somebody wanted to open a new bank the interested party will have to go through tough regulation and be approved and regulated by a outside firm for example FSA to make sure they are operating within the guidelines set by the government. The other barrier is known as low entry barrier markets. This entry barrier is for a low entry product or service. A example of this is if somebody wanted to open a corner shop little government regulation is needed and there is little set up costs. Along with the barrier entry system the new entrant must have the technology know how that will allow them to develop their products furthe r. Substitute products The threat from substitute products is fairly low as people are more inclined to use brands that they are familiar with so if they wanted to switch brands for a alternative cheap brand the costs are low but they can be high if they wanted to switch to a much alternative brand such as Sony which is generally seen more expensive. Technology can also be a factor for example now people can watch TV on mobile phones and laptops. Another example is when Sony In 2005 Panasonic has reacted well to change and development in technology this was seen when Sony, Panasonic and Philips launched Bluray technology against the HD DVDs that were launched by Toshiba, Microsoft and Hitachi. Much of the success of the format was dependent on which retailers favoured and marketed products their products. Customers Panasonic is a international brand and is recognisable all over the world. It has posted respectable results. In 2010 Panasonic posted the following sales Japan 54% Asia 23% , North America 12 % and Europe 11% .(These figures accommodate for Panasonic products only). As technology evolves Panasonic has kept up with the pace for example 3D films produced by Hollywood such as Avatar has enabled Panasonic to develop their 3D LCD TV that enabled them to obtain (50.5%) of the market share from 230,000 units sold all around the world. Samsung came second with a 3D market share of 41.7%, followed by LG with less than 10% at the end of 2010.(HDV TEST ,2011)Panasonic has ensured that the end customer is able to understand the end product having a strong relationship with its retailing outlets that sell its products. This is very important because loyal customers that use and buy the Panasonic brand and do not switch to a alternative brand. Consumer demand for electric products is b roken in to two segments. People who will have a more disposable income will go for products with good quality such as high definition and wide screen plasma technology and people who do not have a less disposable tend to stick with less expensive products that are easier to use. Suppliers Panasonic has a intimate relationship with its suppliers. This is due to how the business structure is set up and operates. The Panasonic brand is under the brand of the parent company called Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd under this band there are another 15 subsidiary companies for example SANYO and Technics that specialise in their own department. With each company specialising in their own department Panasonic understands what they can offer to the new product that is being developed. Value Chain model: Panasonic analysis Primary activities / support activities As the Panasonic brand comes under the parent company of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd, when it became a global company it had a decentralized strategy as none of the offices outside of Japan had a centralized database that they could retrieve information from. Altogether Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd had set up 13 major labs in foreign countries -in the US, three in Asia and three in Europe. Many of these labs were established to modify and customize products for the local markets. They also took advantage of locally available technological information and skilled personnel so only catered for the country they operated in instead as a company as a whole. Components that were to be manufactured and used in Panasonic products are internally outsourced to the other brands it owns so the relationship between all of its suppliers is strong. This relationship is also important as Panasonic as a company can relay on that the components needed to make its products are of t he highest standard and there are minimal chance of defects within its products and it a defect occurs they can locate the problem quickly and solve the problem causing minimal negativity about the products. The distributors who sell Panasonic are well educated and informed by Panasonic to make sure that their product stands out when the end customer is purchasing the end product. Provide a critical analysis of how Panasonics information management problems affect its business performance and ability to execute its strategy. Panasonics information problems affected its business performance and ability to execute its strategy. Panasonic was enjoying the number of successes factors however this success did not take in to the account on what Panasonic was spending on its administration costs. A information system would have allowed Panasonic to access and centralize its information so it could be easily retrieved when needed. A information System (IS) is defined by Avison and Fitzgerald (2003 pg 20)is when a organisation collects and stores key business processes on a single database and saved on a computer network and information can be accessed and data can be manipulated to create a series of reports and queries. This usually helps a organisation when it spreads its business dealings around the globe and therefore trades on a international platform which allows the organisation to expand in new markets which in turn will increase the profitability of the company. This is known by the term of Globalisation. (Avison and Fitzgerald 2003 pg 8). This is seen when Panasonic expanded its operations throughout Europe, Asia and North America. This included 15 subsidiaries, 14 manufacturing facilities, and five research and development centres, and seven administrative offices. A Management Information System (MIS) was also needed as this would have combined different sectors of the business and will help it to make different decisions at different levels. A typical system has four processes that work on three levels and have certain characteristics an is used by the appropriate level of management. They only see the data that may affect their area of the organisation they are looking at. A Executive Support Systems (ESS) produces reports and responses to queries a Decision Support Systems (DSS) helps the organisation to make decisions on important decisions that the organisation may face these two systems are used by senior management, a Management Information Systems (MIS) allows the organisation to access past records and view current performance of the organisation this will allow the organisation to find any trends or patterns to make any decisions these decisions are made by middle management and a Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) records transac tions and events these records are seen by operational management. ( Laudon and Laudon 2004 , pg 53) As Panasonic was also experiencing problems managing its data efficiently as product and customer data was inconsistent, duplicate, or incomplete. Different segments of Panasonic used their own data management operations that were isolated or different from other locations within the company. Panasonic also had problems when it launched a new product as each product included photos, product specifications and descriptions, manuals, pricing data and point of sale marketing information. When this information was sent out to the various locations each location adapted this information for the region and country they resided in. this resulted in problems when Panasonic launched a product globally as information about the product had to be condensed to a common set of data for launching the product globally. This problem delayed the launch of new products so competitors seized upon this opportunity to seize infiltrate in to markets did not reach in its first phase of the launch. Analyse the management, organisation, and technology factors that were responsible for the problems identified in the previous question. A IS system is just more than inputting and outputting business processes to consolidate information together. From a business point of view a IS system also looks at other environmental factors within the organisation. From a business perspective a IS system is a organisational and management solution based on information technology to a challenge based on the environment it is in. to understand how a organisation operates and what obstacles it may face a manager must understand the environment it is in a organisation is much more than computers it also has to understand the broader organisation, management and information technology. Above: a diagram showing that information systems are more than just computers. Using Information Systems effectively requires and understanding of the organisation, management and technology. (Essentials of Management Information Systems, Laudon and Laudon 1995 pg 9) Organisation IS systems are a major part of a organisation structure and without this they may not able to exist at all for example a credit reporting firm without this system they will not be able to operate at all. The major elements of a organisation are its people, structure and operating procedures, politics and culture. Formal and large organisations are different as they are divided in to hierarchal structure. This structure is a pyramidal structure with management being at the top middle management in the middle and operational staff at the bottom. There are different types of employees within a organisation and work at different levels. Knowledge workers are people such as engineers and architects who innovate ideas for the organisation. These people work at the top of the organisation, data workers such as secretaries and bookkeepers who work with the middle management and at the bottom level are the production or service workers who work on providing the service or creating the final product. (Laudon and Laudon 1995 , pg 9) Management Managers are responsible for innovating new ideas so that the organisation is always developing new products or delivering new service. The three type of managers are senior management who are responsible for making long term decisions, middle management who are responsible for helping the senior management to make these decisions and operational management to take of day to day running of the organisation and tackle any short term problems. (Laudon and Laudon 1995 , pg 9) Technology IS systems are one of the tools that a organisation uses to deal with change and more importantly it holds the organisation together. This is done through a number of different technologies such as computer hardware that enables the organisation to input, out put and process information throughout the organisation. A example of computer hardware is monitors, keyboards and printers. Computer software is a sequenced programming instruction that allows the hardware to function. Storage technology allows the data to be stored and can be transferred between computers a example of storage technology is disks, tapes and pen drives. Telecommunication technology allows all of the physical hardware to connect together. This also includes out put components such as printers. This allows programs and information to be accessed anywhere within the organisation. (Laudon and Laudon 1995 , pg 9) As Panasonic was not managing its data within the organisation properly. This is shown when the different divisions of Panasonic (Europe, North America and Asia) did not share a single platform as they should have because of the size of the company and the different countries and time zones they were in for example they had inconsistent data on its products and customers. This problem in turn affected the culture of the organisation as each office in each time zone were not working towards the same goal and objective set out by Panasonic instead they were totally focused on their own region on a product launch instead. this resulted in a decrease in operational efficiency and higher costs from the company. This shows that Panasonic did not have any control over the data it possessed and therefore was useless possessing this data as it was not in any logical order to use. The management of Panasonic had changed the CEO in 2006 to a person called Fumio Otstubo. In 2006 Panasonic was operating margin was only 5% and the goal for 2010 was 10%, in the industry where consumers expect the price of new technology to decrease over time. It was impossible to expect to increase profit margin by increasing prices, instead there was a need to reduce costs and increasing sales. To achieve this target he decided on the strategy was reducing the cost and increasing sales. To solve the problem Panasonic decided to collect their data pursue a single vision of truth. This information gathered came through a variety of formats for example fax machines, mail, e-mails and phone calls. How ever using this system also had a risk of inaccuracies and inefficacies. Evaluate how the master data management address these problems and discuss the effectiveness of this solution. Panasonic decided to change the strategy of how it obtained its data from within the company. The strategy that Panasonic was using was the pull model and replace it with a push strategy. These models differ in how data is obtained and affects how a organisation is run. The push model is also known as the build to stock model. In the push model production within the organisation is based on forecast sales it has made. The forecast are guesses and demands for the actual product or service that the organisation is going to provide. (Bocij p et al 2006, pg 170) Above: a diagram showing the push model. Note that the suppliers production is based forecasts throughout the chain except from manufacturer pulls from the supplier. . This goes from the supplier, manufacturer, distributor and retailer. (Management Information Systems Managing The Digital Firm, Laudon and Laudon 2006 pg 366) , The pull model is also known as the demand driven model or made to order model. A actual product or service is only manufactured once a ordered. The main difference between both of the models is a organisation only makes what they sell, not what they make. (Bocij p et al 2006, pg 170) Above: a diagram showing the pull model. Note that each process is pulled from the customer through each process to the supplier. A product is only made when a customer orders the product to reduce costs in wastage.(Management Information Systems Managing The Digital Firm, Laudon and Laudon 2006 pg 367) When Panasonic implemented a push model to replace a pull model to interpret and sort data as previously when employees in marketing looked for specific information they had to look in many different locations. Using the push model allowed Panasonic to create a centralized data bank then this sends the requested information to employees in marketing and sales immediately and constantly. Retail partners such as Wal-Mart who are recipients of the data can view the data at all phases of a product rollout. Therefore, specific employees can have better visibility of their products and services. The outcome of this push model is that customers are less likely to become confused while researching Panasonic products. Panasonics Europes data management was upgraded with master-data-management (MDM) software and this was provided from IBMs Web Sphere line. The software enabled Panasonic Europe to gain better control of their data and better streamline the business process. The MDM implementation included the business process analysis, data assessment, data cleansing, and a master data service layer. The MDM allows employees with access to view the companys data and activities throughout the organization. The aim of the MDM was integrate all of the various departments and consolidate them so any information can be accessed from the master file. Within a year and a half, Panasonic Europe was getting products to market faster and spending 50 percent less time creating and maintaining product information. Time-to-market for a product was reduced from five to six months to one to two months. Critically analyse the challenges Panasonic faced when implementing this solution. During the installation stage Panasonic faced some problems when they implemented the new system. When Implementing MDM system it is a multi-step process that includes business process analysis, data assessment, data cleansing, data consolidation and reconciliation, data migration, and development of a master data service layer. The MDM bought together all of the business processes this required information from all of the departments to come together. There was the issue of levels of authenticity of accessing data at different levels. Another problem that Panasonic faced was at its North America that it had to confront a number of countries that spoke different languages and each country had its own currency. Each country would have its own culture and therefore would have contributed more problems for Panasonic. The culture within a organisation or country is defined as being shared values, in written rules an assumptions within the organisation and how the organisation works. This problem was also faced by its European arm had to do when implementing its system. (Laudon and Laudon 2004 , pg 390) Panasonic also faced another problem this was reorganising and consolidating data information for its products for Wal-Mart. Then Panasonic stated to look closer on what information was needed for Wal-Mart and looked at what was adhered by the industry standards. Panasonic decided to look in its legacy systems for this data. Panasonic then turned to IBM to help them to create an interface apparatus to collect the required data for a repository. Bob Schwartz made a strong case to the corporate office in Japan that integrating a data management strategy globally would be a major benefit to the companys infrastructure. This was going to be hard as traditionalists would have resisted change. This is due the culture of fear that is within a organisation when implementing change as employees fear that the way they are working is fine and there is no need for change as new change within the organisation will be a threat to their jobs. Bob Schwartz also realised that Panasonic needed to integrate their new system with MDM technology. Bob Schwartz increased profits by integrating shared data inventory among the vendors such as Best Buy and Circuit City. As a result of them implementing MDM, Panasonic had become more competitive and could produce new products for the global market.

View of humanity ( The Time Machine by H.G. Wells :: essays research papers

H.G. Wells  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Time Machine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mischel Figusch   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Englisch-LK Jg. 13 The view of humanity in The Time Machine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Essay This essay is about the view of humanity that arises from â€Å"The Time Machine† It includes the TT’s speeches and his theories about how the Eloi and the Morlocks came to be. It also shows that Wells haunts at critical aspects on society. The first hints at Wells political attitude are already noticeable in the beginning of the novel: â€Å"To discover a society†, said I, â€Å"erected on a strictly communistic basis.†(page 10, line 19) By the example of Eloi and Morlocks, he warns of Capitalism and its consequences to mankind. This vision which is presented in â€Å"The Time Machine† shows or rather forecasts the results of the social split between the leisurely wealthy upper class and the working class, especially in the Victorian England. The increasing development of the division between â€Å"upper† and â€Å"lower† class will lead into a big disaster in further future. The intelligence of the human species is going to be at an unthinkable minimum. All achievements in culture, technology and knowledge will be vanished. â€Å"You see I had always anticipated that the people of the year Eight Hundred and Two Thousand odd would be incredibly in front of us in knowledge, art, everything. Then one of them suddenly asked me a question that showed him to be on the intellectual level of one of our five-year-old children-- asked me, in fact, if I had come from the sun in a thunderstorm!† (page 38, line 4 – 11) The reason for this â€Å"devolutionary evolution† is the non-existence of the necessity to learn more, or rather to use the learned or skilled things. Knowledge and accordingly advancement of knowledge hasn’t got a meaning anymore. In one of his former theories, the TT assumes that the Morlocks, the inferior race (at this point in time) which lives in the underworld, are the direct outcome of England’s East-end worker, who already live â€Å"in such artificial conditions as practically to be cut off from the natural surface of the earth.† (page 77, line 17) â€Å"The Time Machine† can be seen as Wells’s socialist warning of what will befall humanity if capitalism continues to exploit worker for the benefits of the rich.

Musical Impact Essay

In society today, music is shown to have an impact on ways of life. People within the society are raised with it in some way. Music is always present in society. It is natural then, to wonder about the origin of music. Music is a special type of sound and noises mixed in together. People create the meanings of these sounds and noises to create their own opinions and emotions of expressing themselves. Many people believed that music is created in the mind for this same reason. That we have the sounds and noises that are heard are within our own human being and along that, it can come once we are born with it. Although, this may not be true, due to the differences in today’s society, there are many aspects that can have a control of the musical taste of a person. One’s musical interests are not based on biology, rather the individual’s environment: community, culture, religion, and geography. First of all a community can effect an individual interest in music. The definition of a community is having the same beliefs, resources, needs and risks. When people tend to share and have the same interest they tend to also have the same interest in music. The term â€Å"community music† finds no more resonating tone than within minority groups working toward social acceptance and assimilation (Hayes 6). As shown in the International Journal we can see people tend to stick together in order to have the same identity and be accepted in the group. Also sharing the same risks and resources will help them have communication within each other, making it be easier on them to be able to relate. An example of this would be people in community, such as in Honduras, they have a lot of different beliefs. For example, in the burials, the community gathers around in order to their last goodbye to the deceased. Then they called upon a band, which in their thoughts mean that they celebrate the life of the deceased. They each sing and walk with the burial service and take them around. This event mentioned, to some may be disrespectful, but to Hondurans is a way to communicate with the dead. It shows that they respect him or her and show him or her that they are celebrating the life they had. Having communication in music brings to a community a better aspect to people and it is also very important for them. Yes, they can be sounds and noises to some, but many do not think that way. Like the people in Honduras, their beliefs are very important and they demonstrate them through music. Therefore, a community could determine a person’s interest in music because a community makes an individual do the same thing as other people. Another example would be, if a person listens to rock and they see that other people listen to it too, than they will would go ahead and hear it to. Secondly, culture is also another factor that influences music preferences on individuals. The culture of someone can affect the way of music choices. The two factors that generate culture will be academic knowledge and manners taught to each person (Yudkin 27). Each culture then possesses on its own musical language. This musical language reflects its own traditions, concerns, and activities; and in order to begin to understand the music of another culture, we need to understand something of the nature of its culture systems and the role the music plays in them (Yadkin 5). This is because many of the cultures have different academics and manners taught to them. An example is the culture would be of the Mandinka of Gambia in Senegal, they have a special musician leader, known as a jali. This leader is very important to the tribe due to that fact that he knows all the prayers and all the history of the tribe (Miller 44). As shown in this example each culture has its own special person and holds music as a special part of the community. The important part here is that a person needs to grow up somewhere. That place holds a significant knowledge making them a part of that culture group. With growing with them they hold a place within the culture. Music brings them all together making them communicate with each other easily and bring them normalcy. When this takes place the individual takes the musical knowledge and incorporates it into their system and beliefs. The beliefs that they incorporated can be seen in their academic areas. The literature, dance, and theater cannot go anywhere and do their expected ideas across without music. Music has to be in these areas in order to function well and be able to get the individuals culture across to the people. For example, dance cannot function without music. It gives the person the beats and the melody in order to create the feeling they want to get across to their audience (Miller 57). Dance also has different meanings in culture. A New Yorker can have a different rhythm than a person from China. This difference can be seen with the music they choose for their arts and their dance. It’s really difficult to be able to be prejudice to others cultures, because every culture is different. Music has that effect on society because it teaches the cultures and meanings of one’s society. The mixture of music to other society is also shown. Many of these arts can be seen throughout the world and from them people learn the differences in music. Music such as Jazz, Blues, and Gospels were produced when Europeans and Africans came together during the late nineteenth and twentieth century’s (Miller 61). Here we can see two cultures mixed in together and this is shown through their mix of their own music. Music can bring together worlds and is all due to its simplicity such as using their melodies and sounds. Music creates a new world for many people. The third factor that can affect the music choices of the individuals is the fact of one’s religion. Many religions do not allowed their followers to hear music from the outside world such hip-hop and rock. As said by Kong, â€Å"its nature is presented in a stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media the moral barricades are manned by bishops (Kong 104)†. An example of this is Christians and Catholics which have very different opinions regarding music. Christians is the larger group that includes Catholics. Christian women followers are not allowed to wear pants or the followers are not able to hear any type of music because in their regard they are preventing is a sin from them. While Catholic Church allowed their followers to wear their clothing with respect to God and be able to choose the type of music they listen to. As seen the music plays a big role due to the fact that Catholic churches make prayers into songs and sing them with their hearts, believing that God can be able to hear them (Miller kj187). While Christians cannot be able to do the same pray and sing to God due to the banned of music within their own. To many this is not unusual seeing the difference of worship. But once looked inside and see the music playing its role is different because it makes people think about what God thinks and which one he would prefer. If it is just music and prayers, then there is no music at all in its gatherings of worship. This is important because music can be seen playing a role in religions and making individuals having a different taste to the one with a Catholic follower. The religion of a person a can limit the person the knowledge of the evolution of the music outside their group. This can make it hard on them to relate to the others outside the society. The last and important factor that can make a difference in ones interest in music is the geography. Many people as seen can have different views and belief but geography make them have a different taste in music. We hear the melody, but we feel the beat. People in all cultures move their bodies to the rhythms of music, whether drumming, dancing, or rocking an infant (Silver and Trainer 2). This is important because a person in Los Angeles California will not have the same beats and rhythm as a person in London, Great Britain. Each part of the world is bound to have some type of music but the music differentiated in each part of the world. As mentioned in the seven themes of music geography â€Å"specific involvement with location of musical activities, such as the compositions and travels of their composers, rather than broader world distributions of regional delineations mentioned in Theme Two† (Nash and Carney 66). This means that even with culture and communities, music was first put into the field of geography due to the travels of the musicians and the spread of their ideas and tunes. This is important because it not only gives a way for questions to arise such the one that geography is the main factor as to the interest of music in humans. Due to the composers traveling, they spread around the ideas meaning that culture is affected and the belief is shaken with these ideas. The population of the countries is also a big factor because due to the fact that people are mixed together. People with different geography regions tend to have a different viewpoint of the world and music can be included in that. In conclusion this can be said, that these types of points can create music interest such one’s environment: community, culture, religion, and geography. This can be reasonable because people cannot be born with music interests. They are shaped by ones environment. People can have the same music interests if they shared the same belief and the same religion where they live. Music is very common in and around the world. Music is therefore a symbol to society because it represents the life and beliefs of people. Music can have a great impact on the life of people and this is important because this makes society. Music is evidently an important part of the lives of human beings. Music is reflected to our society we are in. The four aspects which are one’s community, culture, religion, and geography can determine each person’s interests in music rather than biological. Other factors can also relate to one’s musical preference, but the four aspects are the ones that are most common. Music is bound to be heard everywhere and without music the world would have hard times understanding things. Music is important to our world because it brings us together and also puts life and excitement. Music will always motivate people and will always be part of our lives. Without music, our society wouldn’t be the same including our feelings and impressions about it. Therefore, music brings happiness to our friends, and families, and all the people around the world.